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Learn Japanese now! Now that you know the basic differences between the three Japanese giving and receiving verbs, it's time to focus on each one independently. This guarantees that you'll master their usage. This Lower Intermediate Japanese article is all about the verb kureru. We use it when the receiver is the speaker or someone he or she is very close to. For example, you would say, "George lent me the book" in Japanese using kureru. There are numerous examples in this Japanese article to make sure you are a pro at using this versatile Japanese verb.

Vocabulary: In this article, you'll learn the following words and phrases:

deru - "to go out, to answer" (the phone, the doorbell)
nikibi - "pimple, spot"
dekiru - "to appear, to occur"
agaru - "to go in, to come in"
kurai - "approximately, about"
yoo - "business, something to do"

Grammar: In this article, you'll learn the following words and phrases:

In the previous article, we learned giving and receiving verbs such as kureru, ageru, and morau. In the next three articles, we are going to see these verbs acting as auxiliary verbs respectively. This article focuses on kureru.

Kureru means "to give" and we use it when the receiver is the speaker or someone in the speaker's in-group. When we use kureru after the -te form of another verb, it acts as an auxiliary implying that the doer performed that action for the sake of the speaker. We mark the doer of the action with either of the particles wa or ga, while we mark the receiver with either of the particles ni, o, or to depending on the verb you use. Please note that the receiver is the speaker or someone in the speaker's in-group, so we usually omit the receiver in a sentence.

Today's Example 1 shows that Koji (speaker) is asking Keisuke to eat chocolate for him because he doesn't want to. Today's Example 2 places emphasis on the fact that Natsuko made the chocolate for the sake of him (speaker), probably because she loves him.

Formation:

[(Doer) wa (ga)] [(receiver) ni (o, to)] Verb-te + kureru

Examples:

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